Naturopathic Medicine Course Descriptions

AN5101N Spine & Extremities Anatomy Credits 5.0
In this course, students will learn in lecture and group formats, the normal structure and function of the spine and extremities. In the first portion of this course, students will be required to demonstrate core knowledge of the gross anatomy of spinal structures, including the pediatric spine, and relevant structures of the back. Students must also demonstrate an anatomical and functional understanding of the spinal cord, its meninges, and the spinal nerves. In the second portion of the course, students will explore the gross anatomical structures of the extremities and their functions. The integrated gross anatomy laboratory exercises will address related basic science issues.
Co-requisite: AN5102

AN5102N Spine & Extremities Anatomy Lab Credits 3.5
In this course, students will learn in laboratory format, the normal structure and function of the spine and extremities. In the first portion of this course, students will be required to demonstrate core knowledge of the gross anatomy of spinal structures, including the pediatric spine, and relevant structures of the back. Students must also demonstrate an anatomical and functional understanding of the spinal cord, its meninges, and the spinal nerves. In the second portion of the course, students will explore the gross anatomical structures of the extremities and their functions. The basic science component will integrate with the laboratory issues.
Co-requisite: AN5101

AN5107N Histology & Embryology I Credits 2.5
In this course, students will be introduced to histology and human developmental anatomy. In the histology portion of the course, students will study the histology of the main tissues of the body, i.e., epithelium, connective, muscle, and nervous. In addition, students will study the histology of the blood, the vascular system, bone and cartilage, the integument, and lymphoid tissue. In the developmental anatomy portion of the course, students will learn about the events of the first three weeks of development and the development of the nervous system. In coordination with the co-requisite gross anatomy course, students will also study axial and limb development.
Co-requisite: AN5101, AN5102, PH5103

AN5201N Head & Neck Anatomy Credits 3.0
In this course, students will study, in lecture and group formats, the normal structure and function of the regions of the human head and neck. This includes gross anatomical structures as well as neuroanatomical structures. In addition, the embryology and histology of specific structures of the head and neck will be presented. This course is fully integrated with laboratory dissections presented in AN5202. Gross anatomy and neuroanatomy exercises will address related basic science issues.
Prerequisites: AN5101, AN5102
Co-requisites: AN5202, AN5203, PH5208

AN5202N Head & Neck Anatomy Lab Credits 2.0
In this course, students will study in laboratory format, the normal structure and function of the regions of the human head and neck. This includes gross anatomical structures as well as neuroanatomical structures. This course is fully integrated with lecture topics presented in AN5201. Gross anatomy and neuroanatomy laboratory exercises will address related basic science issues.
Co-requisites: AN5201, AN5203, PH5208
*For details regarding the delivery method of the courses, please see the schedule posted on the student portal.

AN5203N Neuroanatomy Credits 5.5
The purpose of this course is to study the structures of the brain, spinal cord, and autonomic nervous system (ANS), and their functions. The structures of the brain, spinal cord, and ANS, and their functions will be introduced to students through the following methods: lectures, group activities, self-directed learning, readings, and laboratory participation. The functions of these structures will be emphasized and their relevancy to clinical practice will be demonstrated through the use of patient paper cases and problems.
Prerequisite: AN5107
Co-requisites: AN5201, AN5202, PH5208

AN5304N Thorax, Abdomen & Pelvic Anatomy Credits 2.0
Students will study, in lecture and group formats, the normal structure and function of the organ systems associated with the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Specifically, this course will cover the gross anatomy of the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive, and urinary systems. Laboratory exercises will help guide students toward understanding the anatomical concepts associated with these systems. In addition, students will interrelate their anatomical knowledge with the Histology and Embryology II course.
Prerequisites: AN5201, AN5202, AN5203
Co-requisites: AN5305, AN5307

AN5305N Thorax, Abdomen & Pelvic Anatomy Lab Credits 2.0
Students will study, in laboratory format, the normal structure and function of the organ systems associated with the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Specifically, this course will cover the gross anatomy of the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive, and urinary systems. Laboratory exercises will help guide students toward understanding the anatomical concepts associated with these systems. In addition, students will interrelate their anatomical knowledge with the Histology and Embryology II course.
Co-requisites: AN5304, AN5307

AN5307N Histology & Embryology II Credits 2.5
In coordination with the co-requisite gross anatomy course, students will learn the developmental anatomy and histology of the main systems of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis in this course.
Prerequisite: AN5107
Co-requisites: AN5304, AN5305

BC5104N Human Biochemistry Credits 5.0
The structure and functions of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and their reactions in metabolic pathways are investigated.
Prerequisite / Co-requisite: None

BC5308N Nutritional Biochemistry I Credits 2.0
Water soluble and fat-soluble vitamins and vitamin-like nutrients (choline, lipoic acid, L-carnitine, ubiquinone, and flavonoids) will be studied with an emphasis on their absorption, transport, excretion, and biochemical involvement within human metabolic pathways involving normal physiology and pathophysiology.
Prerequisites: BC5104

BC5409N Nutritional Biochemistry II Credits 1.0
Minerals, water and fiber will be studied with an emphasis on their absorption, transport, excretion and biochemical involvement within human metabolic pathways involving normal physiology and pathophysiology.
Prerequisites: BC5308
Corequisite: NN5418

BU5116N Professionalism, Ethics & Law Credits 1.0
Ethics is a cornerstone to success in healthcare education and to be successful as a healthcare practitioner. Understanding ethical and professional practices as well as the laws that govern the healthcare profession is paramount to a student’s success while in an academic and clinical program, as well as the student’s success as a practitioner. This course discusses the legal, policy and ethical issues encountered by students in the educational setting and after graduation as a practitioner in the continuously evolving health care system. Topics will include academic misconduct in the classroom, ethical conduct and laws governing a student intern in an academic clinical setting and ethical conduct and laws governing a Doctor of Chiropractic and Naturopathic Medicine in their practice.
Prerequisite: None

BU6221N Patient Communication and Marketing Credits 2.0
Effective communication through written, verbal and electronic means is essential for the success of a health care practice. Ethical marketing is the hallmark for the success of any business, especially healthcare practice.
Prerequisite: BU5116 for DC/ND

BU6309N Starting a Practice Credits 2.0
Students after graduation aspire to open their own health care practice but many times do not know how to accomplish this. This course takes what was learned in the previous business classes and incorporates new material to give the student the knowledge and strategic plan to start their own practice within various practice settings.
Prerequisite: BU5116, BU6221

BU6411N Managing a Practice Credits 2.0
This course introduces students to the principles and practices of managing a successful health care practice to include; the use of business management software, financial and performance analysis of the practice, goal setting for personal and professional development, understanding local, state, and federal tax codes, debt management and retirement planning.
Prerequisites: BU5116, BU6221, BU6309

DH5411N Public Health Credits 2.0
This focus of this course is to introduce the student to the concepts of public health, health promotion, and disease prevention. Individual, environmental, and sociodemographic factors affecting the populations health will be discussed, along with the organization of the public health system, health surveys, health policies, and health screening.
Prerequisites/Co-requisites: None

EC6311N Emergency Management: Chiropractic Practice Credits 1.5
This course places emphasis on the practical application of emergency care procedures that can be employed in a primary care clinic setting if required. This course provides instruction in open and closed wound management techniques that encompass sterile procedures, the application methods of roller bandages, and suturing techniques. To receive a passing grade in this course, students must show current CPR certification from the American Heart Association, BLS for Health Care Providers.
Prerequisite: EM6116N Clinical Evaluation & Diagnosis 4.5

EM5213N Examination & Management of the Thoracic Spine & Chest Credits 3.0
The primary objective of this course is for students to learn the basic concepts and skills necessary for a broad-based conservative care (primary health care) physician to evaluate and manage the chest and thoracic spine. Students will learn methods for obtaining a history specific to the chest and thoracic spine, as well as examination skills for these areas. Skills covered in the course will include, but are not limited to, taking vitals, inspection, joint and soft tissue palpation, auscultation, percussion, range of motion, orthopedic evaluation, and basic neurological examinations. The clinical presentation of normal anatomy, biomechanics, and physiology will be emphasized, along with an introduction to the evaluation and management of uncomplicated common conditions. This course will integrate basic concepts in preventive medicine, biochemical and nutritional foundations of health, determinants of health, and lifestyle counseling involving the chest and thoracic spine. Teaching methods will include lectures, demonstrations, and skills laboratories that focus on skills development and clinical reasoning. This is the student’s first Evaluation and Management course. It will lay the foundation for other Evaluation and Management courses by teaching concepts related to the patient interview, examination, and management process; joint and soft tissue evaluation; and the doctor-patient relationship.
Prerequisites: AN5101, AN5102, FH5108
Co-requisite: MM5222

EM5319N Examination & Management of the Abdomen, Pelvis & Lumbar Spine Credits 3.0
The primary objective of this course is for students to learn the basic concepts and skills necessary for a broad-based conservative care (primary health care) physician to evaluate and manage the abdomen, pelvis, and lumbar spine. Students will learn methods for obtaining a history specific to the abdomen, pelvis, and lumbar spine, as well as examination skills for these areas. Skills covered in the course will include, but are not limited to, inspection, joint and soft tissue palpation, auscultation, percussion, range of motion, orthopedic evaluation, and basic neurological examinations. This course will teach treatments applicable to the abdomen, pelvis, and lumbar spine such as joint and soft tissue manipulation. The clinical presentation of normal anatomy, biomechanics, and physiology will be emphasized, along with an introduction to the evaluation and management of uncomplicated common conditions. This course will integrate basic concepts in preventive medicine, biochemical and nutritional foundations of health, determinants of health, and lifestyle counseling involving the abdomen, pelvis, and lumbar spine. Teaching methods will include lectures, demonstrations, skills laboratories, and problem-based large group discussions that focus on skills development and clinical reasoning.
Prerequisite: EM5213

EM5417N Examination & Management of the Head, Neck & Cervical Spine Credits 3.0
The primary objective of this course is for students to learn the basic concepts and skills necessary for a broad-based conservative care (primary health care) physician to evaluate and manage select conditions of the head, neck, and cervical spine. The clinical presentation of normal anatomy, biomechanics, and physiology will be emphasized, along with an introduction to the concepts of preventive medicine, biochemical and nutritional foundations of health, determinants of health, and lifestyle counseling as it relates to the evaluation and management of uncomplicated conditions affecting the head, neck, and cervical spine. Students will reinforce their skills of the standard historical methods learned in EM5213 as well as learn the examination methods required to gather pertinent patient information regarding the head, neck, and cervical spine in a professional and reliable manner. The course is structured to include instruction via two distinct methods: classroom lectures as well as clinical skills practicums. The clinical skills practicum portion of the course is distinctively further divided into an evaluation as well as management portion. Overall, the teaching methods of the course will include lectures, demonstrations, skills laboratories, simulated patient encounters, small group work, and problem-based large group discussion that focus on clinical/motor skills development.
Prerequisites: AN5201, AN5202, EM5319
Co-requisite: MM5422

EM6116N Clinical Evaluation & Diagnosis Credits 4.5
This course will provide students with additional training to reinforce history taking and physical, orthopedic, and neurological examination skills taught in prior Evaluation and management courses. Emphasis will be placed on interpretation of findings on a wide range of conditions. The context of this course will be broad-based conservative care (primary health care). The course’s laboratory activities will require students to perform a comprehensive (head to toe) physical examination, individual regional exams, and a region-based musculoskeletal exam using skills introduced prior. Lectures will emphasize correlation of physical finding and interpretation.
Prerequisites: Completion of Phase 1

EM6117N Laboratory Diagnosis Credits 3.0
The primary objective of this course is for students to learn laboratory diagnostic skills. This course will include comprehensive instruction about the laboratory testing process, including indications, the collection and preparation of samples, the interpretation and evaluation of laboratory test results, and associated record keeping techniques. The context of this course will be a broad-based conservative care (primary health care) setting. The course will include commonly run profiles of hematology, chemistries, urinalysis, fecal and sputum studies.
Prerequisites: Completion of phase I

EM6118N Phlebotomy and Point of Care Testing Credits 0.5
The primary objective of this course is for students to learn the skill of phlebotomy, and to introduce students to the collection and handling of laboratory specimens including throat culture, quick strep test, urinalysis, and capillary glucose testing.
Prerequisites: Completion of Phase 1

EM6119N Psychopathology & Health Psychology Credits 3.0
This course includes review and discussion of the major topics in health psychology including examination of the relationships of psychopathology, lifestyle, and personal relationships to physical health. Topics include risk factors and treatments for physical disorders such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic pain and diabetes as well as the exploration of the co-morbidity of physical and psychological disorders; (an examination of some of the basic categories of psychopathology –depression, anxiety, substance related disorders, sleep disorders, eating disorders, cognitive disorders, and psychosis) with emphasis on screening, diagnosis and management in a primary care setting. Students are asked to review current theories and their implication for practice. The course will include an overview of psychopathology and health psychology with self-directed learning to include cases, discussion, application of principles, and article reviews.

EM6214N Differential Diagnosis & Management I: Abdominal & Pelvic Disorders Credits 4.0
This course provides students with the knowledge and clinical thought process of evaluation, diagnosis, and management of disorders of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems as needed to be a primary healthcare provider. This course will emphasize etiology, presentation, diagnostic identification, management, and prevention of conditions involving gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems. Diagnostic evaluation of these conditions will include specific laboratory testing, special testing, and imaging. Management of these disorders will include nutritional therapy in the form of diet modification, and botanical medicine. Manual therapy will also be discussed in the form of manipulation and physiological therapeutics. Students will learn through class lectures, case-based, and self-directed small group assignments.
Prerequisite: Completion of Phase I

EM6215N Differential Diagnosis & Management II: Cardio-Pulmonary Disorders Credits 3.0
This course provides students with the knowledge, skills, and clinical thought process to provide a differential diagnosis and management plan of common disorders of the cardiopulmonary system. Students will utilize knowledge and skills taught in EM5213 Examination and Management of the Thoracic Spine and Chest such as: history collection, physical examination, laboratory evaluation, critical thinking, and differential diagnosis. Diagnosis of these conditions will also include interpretation of electrocardiograms and various laboratory tests. Students are introduced to modalities that are available for the treatment of these disorders. Case presentations include, but are not limited to, disorders such as myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, pneumoconiosis, and pneumonia. Management of these conditions will encompass the study of the clinical aspects of nutritional science including diet therapy and botanical medicine, manipulation, physiological therapeutics, and rehabilitation.
Prerequisite: Completion of Phase I

EM6218N Differential Diagnosis and Management III: Neurology Credits 3.0
This course presents a study of the procedures of the neurological history and examination, clinical correlation of neurological findings with other clinical data, an introduction to functional neurology, and the application of manipulation, massage, exercise, and other sensory input in the management of patients with neurological disorders. Methods of instruction include lectures, patient video presentations and clinical cases presented in a large group. Small group and self-directed learning activities outside of class include specific readings about neurological diseases/disorders and written assignments based on the readings.
Prerequisite: Completion of Phase I

EM6313N Advanced Diagnosis & Clinical Reasoning Credits 3.0
The primary objective of this course is to give students an opportunity to master diagnostic skills, and the associated psychomotor skills used in a broad-based conservative care (primary health care) setting. The laboratory portion of this course will use simulated patients to help students synthesize and refine their history taking, examination, and diagnostic skills. Emphasis will be placed on the doctor-patient relationship, including appropriate ethical boundaries and effective communication skills. Students will also practice record keeping skills, including the preparation of SOAP notes. This course will require students to perform male and female sensitive exams (breast and pelvic) on standardized patients.
Prerequisites: Completion of Phase 1, EM6116, EM6211

EM6406N Dermatology Credits 1.5
This course is designed to help students gain necessary knowledge and build skill in observation and clinical reasoning for the diagnosis and management of common diseases of the skin encountered in a broad-based conservative care (primary health care) setting.
Prerequisite: EM6116

EP5410N Evidence-Based Practice: Critical Appraisal of the Biomedical Literature Credits 1.0
This course will expand upon the skills developed to introduce the role of research, including the interpretation and critical analysis of research reports and studies, in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The course will provide the foundation to equip students to be consumers of published research and to engage in building knowledge to enhance their professional practice and service delivery through the use of scientific methods, as well as to identify the strengths and weaknesses of those methods in published research. This is done to support the education and efforts of CAM practitioners for use with and on behalf of patients. Emphasis throughout the course will be placed on preparing students to identify research findings that will assist them in being more effective practitioners. Special emphasis will be placed on understanding the methods traditionally used in the research process, critical thinking, interpretation of research designs and analytical methods used, and on technology used to support its dissemination.
Prerequisite: MI5215

FH5108N Introduction to Clinical Medicine Credits 1.0
In this course, students will develop an understanding of the evolution, structure, and societal role of their profession. This includes both a study of the origins as well as the contemporary practice and regulatory milieu of chiropractic and naturopathic medicine. Certain aspects of the practice are highlighted including the components of the medical record, the importance of physical examination and interviewing, and the uses and general methods of searching medical databases for evidence. Students are encouraged to create a vision for their future professional work to serve as a framework for the longer process of becoming a chiropractic or naturopathic physician.
Prerequisite: None

FR6318N Physiotherapies & Advanced Modalities Credits 2.0
This course introduces therapeutic modalities and their practical application in the clinical setting. Therapies include actinotherapy, thermotherapy, hydrotherapy, cryotherapy, mechanotherapy, and various electrostimulation modalities.
Prerequisite: Completion of Phase I

HY6209N Hydrotherapy & Traditional Naturopathy Credits 2.0
Hydrotherapy was the cornerstone therapy of the “nature cure” movement and of the pioneers of naturopathic medicine. Its effective use in both acute and chronic conditions belied a deep and comprehensive understanding of disease and the healing process. This course presents students with theory and skills of hydrotherapy. Practice in the constitutional method of hydrotherapy will be done until students are comfortable and confident enough to use the treatment in clinic. The use of a simple agent such as water and temperature will serve to demonstrate that healing can be supported and encouraged by safe, natural, and gentle treatments that are nonetheless powerful. To recieve a passing grade in this course, students must show current CPR certification from the American Heart Association, BLS for Health Care providers.
Prerequisite: PH5405N

MI5215N Fundamentals of Microbiology Credits 2.0
Students shall learn in this course the basic principles of medical microbiology and infectious disease. Learning outcomes will include the biology of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens, mechanisms of infectious disease transmission, principles of aseptic practice, and antimicrobial agents. The course provides the conceptual basis for understanding pathogenic microorganisms and the mechanisms by which they cause disease in the human body. It also provides opportunities to develop diagnostic skills, including the use and interpretation of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Prerequisite: None

MI5303N Medical Microbiology I Credits 4.5
Considered in this course are the infections affecting the nervous system, upper respiratory system, blood and lymphatic system, skeletal system, and integumentary system. The discussion would include microbiologic characteristics, epidemiology, clinical aspects, treatment, and prevention of various pathogens where appropriate public health aspects of these infections would be elaborated upon. In addition, basic and clinical immunology including immunologic disorders will be discussed in detail. All the content will be discussed in lecture, group, and case-based format.
Prerequisite: MI5215

MI5403N Medical Microbiology II Credits 5.0
Considered in this course are the infections affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, reproductive, and urinary systems. The discussion will include microbiologic characteristics, epidemiology, clinical aspects, treatment, and prevention of various pathogens. Where appropriate, public health aspects of these infections will be elaborated upon. All the content will be discussed in lecture, group, and case-based format.
Prerequisite: MI5303

MI6112N Immunology Credits 1.0
Building on the basic principles of immunology taught in previous trimesters, this course explores the inflammatory upregulating and downregulating cytokines and their relation to various disease states. The impact of gut microbiome development and maintenance on immune function is covered in depth. The relation of naturopathic modalities such as probiotics, herbal treatments, dietary changes, fermented foods, and lifestyle modifications on the immune system are examined. Students completing this class will be well prepared to select and interpret various laboratory tests that identify immune markers.
Prerequisite: MI5403N

MM5121N Technique I: Palpation and Landmarks Credits 1.0
In this laboratory course students will be introduced to the skills of palpation and identification of osseous and soft tissue structures. This laboratory course will introduce the concepts of static and motion palpation as well as palpation trigger points, tender points, spasm and other pathology. This course provides some basic clinical perspective to the fundamentals introduced in the first trimester anatomy lab.
Prerequisite: None

MM5222N Technique III: Manipulation of the Thoracic Spine & Ribs Credits 1.5
This course teaches the knowledge and skills needed to effectively and safely perform manipulative therapy to the thoracic spine, cervicothoracic and costovertebral regions to manage uncomplicated, common thoracic conditions. Students will utilize prior knowledge to identify osseous and soft tissue structures, skills of palpation and orthopedic tests correlating to the manipulative technique. This course is part of a stream of technique courses wherein techniques are sequentially added, and skills and competence are further developed. It will lay the foundation for other Manipulation courses by teaching concepts related to the patient management process; spinal manipulation, and the doctor-patient relationship. Teaching methods will include demonstrations, skills laboratories, and problem-based large group discussions that focus on skills development and clinical reasoning.
Corequisite: EM5213

MM5322N Technique IV: Manipulation of the Lumbo-sacral Spine, T/L Junction & Pelvis Credits 1.5
This course teaches students the knowledge and skills needed to effectively and safely perform manipulation of the Pelvis, Lumbar Spine & T/L Junction to manage uncomplicated, and common conditions. Students will utilize prior knowledge to identify osseous and soft tissue structures and skills of palpation. This course will lay the foundation for other Manipulation courses by teaching concepts related to the patient management process, spinal manipulation; and the doctor-patient relationship. Teaching methods will include demonstrations, skills laboratories, and problem-based large group discussions that focus on skills development and clinical reasoning.
Prerequisite: MM5222

MM5422N Technique V: Manipulation of the Cervical Spine, C/T Junction and First Rib Credits 1.5
This course teaches students the knowledge and skills needed to effectively and safely perform manipulation of the Cervical Spine and Cervico-Thoracic Junction to manage uncomplicated, and common conditions. Students will utilize prior knowledge to identify osseous and soft tissue structures and skills of palpation. This course will lay the foundation for other Manipulation courses by teaching concepts related to the patient management process; spinal manipulation; and the doctor-patient relationship. Teaching methods will include demonstrations, skills laboratories, and problem-based large group discussions that focus on skills development and clinical reasoning.
Prerequisites: AN5101; AN5102; FH5106; MM5222; MM5322

MM6121N Naturopathic Physical Medicine I: Extremities Exam, Posture and Structural Integration Credits 1.0
This course will review the examination of the extremities and techniques to improve function and relieve pain. Skills in assessing and recommending exercise to correct posture are presented by a perspective of holistic assessment of the spine, extremities, muscles, and myofascial system. Some ongoing practice in previously learned manipulative therapies will be included in the weekly lab sessions.
Prerequisite: MM5422N

MM6219N ND Physical Medicine II: Pain Management Credits 0.5
Pain is a major presentation in naturopathic practice. This lab course will review the evaluation of pain symptoms, and the use of various techniques to address acute and chronic pain. This course will incorporate previously learned physical medicine skills and introduce some new techniques. Rehabilitative exercise regimens are incorporated along with the review of hands-on techniques.
Prerequisite: MM6121N

ND6115N Clinic Observation I Credits 1.0
This course will review the examination of the extremities and techniques to improve function and relieve pain. Skills in assessing and recommending exercise to correct posture are presented by a perspective of holistic assessment of the spine, extremities, muscles, and myofascial system. Some ongoing practice in previously learned manipulative therapies will be included in the weekly lab sessions.
Prerequisite: Phase I.

ND6223N Clinic Observation II Credits 1.0
Students will participate in clinic activities for two hours per week. Observers will be paired with a senior intern or faculty practitioner. Students will assist in the physical examination and research for the case as directed. The clinic faculty and interns will expect students to come prepared to discuss cases in conference, and to provide input into diagnosis and treatment.
Prerequisites: PH6115N, ND6115N

ND6224N Botanical Medicine III Credits 2.0
This course continues the study of herbal monographs, including information about phytochemistry, mode of action, clinical indications, dosing considerations, potential toxicity, and contraindications. These monographs are arranged by organ system and feature topics include the gastrointestinal, endocrine, reproductive, respiratory, urinary, cardiac, and nervous systems. The pharmacologic basis of herb-drug interactions and examples are introduced. A focus in this course is on the principles of herb combination and prescribing, which will continue in subsequent botanical medicine courses.
Prerequisite: ND6113N

ND6315N Hydrotherapy Clinical Rotation Credits 1.0
This rotation in the naturopathic medicine program is designed to give the student an opportunity to demonstrate basic skills in hydrotherapy in a clinical setting. Students will perform hydrotherapy treatments as assigned by the attending clinician. Although students on this rotation are not acting as interns, they will perform a basic intake (including vital signs), make chart entries, attend to patient needs, and suggest treatment options/modifications. Patient treatments are at the discretion and under the close supervision of the attending clinician. Interns from Phase III of the ND program may be paired with the student or other NUHS interns, as deemed appropriate.
Prerequisites: EM6116N, HY5409N

ND6410N Clinical Internship I Credits 9.0
This comprises the first of three block assignments during which students will assume increasing responsibility for the treatment of patients within a naturopathic medical team. Although ultimate responsibility for the case will rest with the supervising doctor, interns will be given sufficient opportunity to exercise the skills and competencies that they have acquired in their training to date. The goal of this first internship block is to make the transition to being responsible for the case and assemble all the relevant clinical skills. There is more intense supervision than students in ND7110N and ND7210N and interns will often be paired with a more experienced peer. Students will be evaluated in a number of ways and will show competence in treating a variety of clinical conditions and patient populations, including both NUHS students and the patients from the general community.

In all cases, interns will demonstrate an understanding of naturopathic principles as well as clinical skill.
Prerequisites: Completion of all program coursework from Phase I Term 1 through (including) Phase II Term 3 (Trimester 7)
Co-requisites: All courses from Phase II Term 4 (Trimester 8)

* Students must be available to cover the assigned clinic shift at the specified NUHS Whole Health Center and/or other assigned clinic facility, as hours vary at each location, in order to serve the needs of patients and the community.

ND7110N Clinical Internship II Credits 16.0
In this clinical rotation, students will assume responsibility for the treatment of patients within a naturopathic medical team. Although ultimate responsibility for the case will rest with the supervising doctor, the interns will be given sufficient opportunity to exercise all the skills and competencies that they have acquired in their training to date. They will sometimes be paired with a peer. Students will be evaluated in a number of ways and will show competence in treating a variety of different clinical conditions and patient populations, including both NUHS students and the patients from the general community. In all cases, interns will demonstrate an understanding of naturopathic principles as well as clinical skills. The observational evaluation of intern performance will emphasize the Medical Interview, Physical Examination, and Organization/Efficiency at an advanced level appropriate for a student who is midway through the internships of the program.
Prerequisite: Completion of Phase II

* Students must be available to cover the assigned clinic shift at the specified NUHS Whole Health Center and/or other assigned clinic facility, as hours vary at each location, in order to serve the needs of patients and the community.

ND7210N Clinical Internship III Credits 14.0
In this clinical rotation, students will assume increasing responsibility for the treatment of patients within a naturopathic medical team. Although ultimate responsibility for the case will rest with the supervising doctor, the interns will be given sufficient opportunity to exercise all the skills and competencies that they have acquired in their training to date. Increased self-sufficiency in the management of patient care, combined with evidence of awareness of indications for consultation and referral are the hallmarks of this third block assignment. Interns may be sometimes paired with a peer. Students will be evaluated in a number of ways and will show competence in treating a variety of different clinical conditions and patient populations. In all cases, interns will demonstrate an understanding of naturopathic principles as well as clinical skills. The observational evaluation of intern performance will emphasize Counseling and Naturopathic Therapeutics, at an advanced level appropriate for a student who is soon to be an entry-level practitioner.
Prerequisite: Completion of ND7110N

* Students must be available to cover the assigned clinic shift at the specified NUHS Whole Health Center and/or other assigned clinic facility, as hours vary at each location, in order to serve the needs of patients and the community.

* A listing of the required clinical competencies for naturopathic medicine students is located at the end of the course descriptions.

NN5114N Homeopathy I: First Aid Credits 1.0
This course provides an introduction to the clinical use of homeopathy. As a prelude to future studies in the theory and practice of homeopathy, some basic terminology and principles of homeopathy are discussed. First aid remedies for a variety of common injuries, and acute prescribing for a number of self-limiting conditions are presented. Some basic rules of remedy and potency selection are included.
Prerequisites: None

NN5313N Homeopathy II Credits 2.0
A thorough study of the Organon is made, as preparation for effective practice. Topics include the principles of health and disease, medicine action, case taking, suppression, complex cases, alternating diseases, and proving’s. In preparation for internship and the NPLEX exam, some keynotes of common remedies are reviewed. Case illustrations are used.
Prerequisite: NN5114

NN5412N Homeopathy III Credits 2.0
A thorough study of the Organon is made, as preparation for effective practice. Topics include the principles of health and disease, medicine action, case taking, suppression, complex cases, alternating diseases, and provings. In preparation for internship and the NPLEX exam, some keynotes of common remedies are reviewed. Case illustrations are used.
Prerequisite: NN5313N

NN5413N Botanical Medicine I Credits 1.0
Botanical Medicine I. introduces the basic principles of therapeutic herbalism. This includes the nomenclature of medicinal herbs based on their actions and their target organ system-tissues. An introduction to pharmacognosy is included in this course-the scientific study of natural products. Students will be able to identify the major herbal medicine compound categories and their most common influences on the human body. Several herbal monographic will be introduced to acquaint the student with this way of organizing herbal medicine knowledge, and case examples will help to illustrate how the fundamentals of botanical medicine are important in applying this therapy in a clinical setting.
Prerequisite: BC5104

NN6107N Pharmacology I Credits 3.0
This course provides a basic understanding of the use of drugs in western medicine for the treatment of disease. Topics covered in this course will be descriptions of drug names and classification, general principles of drug action and metabolism that will cover the area of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Factors influencing drug action, and a discussion of drug safety are addressed. A large part of this course will be a description of the drug actions on body systems including all the major organ systems and the disorders and diseases in each of the systems. Included will be a description of the mechanism of action, major untoward effects, and contraindications for each drug and drug category. Interactions with other drugs and botanicals as well as a description of the nutrients that are depleted by each of the drugs will be covered. Drug actions on infection and immune system regulation as well as chemical dependency and substance abuse will be described. A discussion of poisons and their antidotes is included.
Prerequisite: Completion of Phase I

NN6113N Botanical Medicine II Credits 2.0
This course introduces the student to a wide range of herbal monographs, including information about phytochemistry, mode of action, clinical indications, dosing considerations, potential toxicity, and contraindications. These monographs are arranged by organ system and featured topics include the gastrointestinal, hepatic, respiratory, urinary, cardiac, nervous, and integumentary systems. The pharmacologic basis of herb-drug interactions and examples are introduced here.
Prerequisite: NN5413N

NN6119N Dietary Counseling and Therapy Credits 3.0
This course provides a basic understanding of the fundamentals of human nutrition and stresses the essentials of the basis for good nutritional status. It serves as the basic nutrition course that follows the basic science presentation of the macronutrients and the micronutrients presented in the Nutritional Biochemistry course (BC5308). Topics presented in this course include a review of the macronutrients and micronutrients with emphasis on the health properties of each as well as the severe deficiency states for both micronutrients and macronutrients. Digestion, absorption and transport of the nutrients, and consequences of malabsorption care are covered. Energy production, energy balance and weight management are also described. Food habits in the United States and nutrition across the life cycle are discussed in the course. Male and female health, sports and exercise nutrition, enteral and parenteral nutrition procedures as well as an introduction to the science of food preparation and handling are included. An introduction to nutritional status assessment using food frequency questionnaires and diet history is given.

NN6206N Pharmacology II Credits 3.0
This course provides a basic understanding of the use of pharmaceuticals utilized in allopathic medicine for the treatment of disease. Topics covered in this course will be descriptions of drug names and classification, general principles of drug action and metabolism, which will cover the areas of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. Factors influencing drug action, and a discussion of drug safety are addressed. A large part of this course will be a description of the drugs’ action on body systems including all the major organ systems and diseases of these systems. Included will be a description of the mechanism of action, major untoward effects and contraindications for each drug and drug category.
Prerequisite: NN6107

NN6222N Homeopathy IV Credits 4.0
Building on the basic concepts introduced to this point, the course centers on the actual skills of taking a case, analyzing symptoms, using the Repertory, and selecting a remedy. Materia medica is taught by examining provings. Students will study carefully the range of symptoms in the proving, and the physiological actions, as well as the wide variety of mental symptomatology found in many provings.
Prerequisite: NN5412N

NN6311N Botanical Medicine IV Credits 2.0
This course in the botanical medicine series focuses on acquiring knowledge of additional botanicals, not previously covered, that are important for naturopathic practice. The class will also review those herbs that are within the scope of naturopathic medicine but must be used with extra caution. Class time will be allocated to reviewing herbs that are very frequently used in naturopathic medicine and therefore both important to patient care and likely to appear on licensing examinations. Students will be expected to demonstrate knowledge of herb-drug interactions and how to skillfully research queries about the potential risk associated with an herbal medicine treatment using reliable databases and other resources.
Prerequisite: NN5412N

NN6319N Homeopathy V Credits 4.0
Continuing with the education of materia medica study is continued in depth. Follow-up prescriptions and case analysis over sequential visits is emphasized. Medicine potency, repetition, time between prescriptions, and potency alternation are examined. Students are taught how to distinguish between suppression, aggravation, and a positive response. Group exercises continue the use of cases for analysis, as well as presentations on materia medica. Challenging or unique cases are presented and discussed in class. This serves to reinforce previously presented concepts such as the principles of case taking, case analysis, remedy selection, and proper follow-up. Comparative materia medica is discussed during presentations about case analysis and remedy section. The value of acute prescribing and the role of adjunct therapies are explored.
Prerequisite: NN5412N

NN6322N Evidence Based Nutritional Therapies Credits 4.0
This course offers a nutritional approach to the prevention and treatment of disease, with an emphasis on maintenance of health and homeostasis within specific disease states. Nutritional assessment methods are covered in detail, including the methods for obtaining a physical exam of nutrition health and means to assess nutritional status. The nutrition care process and approach to nutrition counseling sessions are discussed. The diseases of the major organ systems in the body are covered including joint health, gastrointestinal, renal, liver, and cardiovascular systems. Metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and thyroid conditions are also explored. Nutritional screening, assessment, and treatment within each specific disease state will be emphasized in relationship to the integrative therapeutic application of nutrition in a clinical setting.
Prerequisite: Completion of Phase I

NN6427N Botanical Medicine V Credits 2.0
Continuation of the final course in the botanical medicine series focuses on acquiring knowledge of additional botanicals, not previously covered, that are important for naturopathic practice. The class will also review those herbs that are within the scope of naturopathic medicine but must be used with extra caution. Class time will be allocated to reviewing herbs that are very frequently used in naturopathic medicine and therefore both important to patient care and likely to appear on licensing examinations. Students will be expected to demonstrate knowledge of herb-drug interactions and how to skillfully research queries about the potential risk associated with an herbal medicine treatment using reliable databases and other resources.
Prerequisite: Completion of Phase I

NN6432N Pharmacotherapeutics I Credits 0.5
This course presents up-to-date current pharmacological care of patients who present with primary care disorders and conditions. Students will be presented with a series of clinical cases and will be asked to formulate a plan of action that includes their first choice of prescription medication and its dose. Building on knowledge from previous pharmacology courses, students will be given resources about the mechanism of action, side effects, major use, contraindications, and appropriate dose of drugs for major conditions. Students will be assessed on their ability to choose an effective medication at the effective and safe dose.
Prerequisite: NN6206N

NP5216N Integrated Therapeutics I Credits 1.0
Students in this course will assemble a multi-faceted treatment plan for several common conditions involving the human nervous system. This effort will be supported by guidance from the instructor in creating a framework for such treatment plans, and the provision of some essential treatment information. Expectations for treatment information will be appropriate for a naturopathic student in the earlier phase of the program. The class will discuss how these treatment plans reflect the naturopathic principles discussed in Foundations of Naturopathic Medicine I: First Do No Harm, Treat the Whole Person, Treat the Cause(es), Prevention, Doctor as Teacher and of course, work with the Vis Medicatrix Naturae.
Prerequisite: None

NP5312N Introduction to Naturopathic Counseling Credits 1.5
Effective counseling skills are essential to the practice of naturopathic medicine. In this course, students will review the techniques of counseling and engage in the practice of those techniques. Self-awareness, listening, understanding, and exploring sensitive topics are discussed and to some extent practiced with peers. Students learn techniques of stress management and apply them to their own life.
Prerequisite: None

NP5321N Integrated Therapeutics II Credits 1.0
Students in this course will assemble a multi-faceted treatment plan for several common conditions involving the organ systems. This effort will be supported by guidance from the instructor in creating a framework for such treatment plans, and the provision of some essential treatment information. Expectations for treatment information will be appropriate for a naturopathic student in the earlier phase of the program. The class will discuss how these treatment plans reflect the naturopathic principles discussed in Foundations of Naturopathic Medicine I: First Do No Harm, Treat the Whole Person, Treat the Cause(es), Prevention, Doctor as Teacher and of course, work with the Vis Medicatrix Naturae. Prerequisite: NP5216N

NP5415N Integrated Therapeutics III Credits 1.0
Students in this course will assemble a multi-faceted treatment plan for several common conditions involving the organ systems. This effort will be supported by guidance from the instructor in creating a framework for such treatment plans, and the provision of some essential treatment information. Expectations for treatment information will be appropriate for a naturopathic student in the earlier phase of the program. The class will discuss how these treatment plans reflect the naturopathic principles discussed in Foundations of Naturopathic Medicine I: First Do No Harm, Treat the Whole Person, Treat the Cause(es), Prevention, Doctor as Teacher and of course, work with the Vis Medicatrix Naturae.
Prerequisite: NP5321N

NP6310N Human Sexuality & Reproductive Health Credits 1.0
Students will examine human sexuality in its biological and psychological aspects and how to assess and support patients. The particular needs of patients that are dealing with medical conditions and those patients who are transgender are explored. Human reproduction issues such as causes of infertility, conception, and healthy pregnancy, are reviewed with an emphasis on clinical application of knowledge.
Prerequisite: EM6214N

NP6314N Internal Medicine I (GI, Hep, Immune, Rheumatology) Credits 3.0
Internal medicine I focuses on diseases of the internal organs. The student will make a thorough review of the diagnostic approach to conditions of the gastrointestinal system, the hepatobiliary system, the immune system – especially as it pertains to mucosal immune system and autoimmune disease, and some rheumatological conditions. Treatment approaches grounded in naturopathic principles and best evidence are discussed at an advanced level. A management approach that involves long-term care and the need for referrals and co-management by other practitioners is included in these reviews.
Prerequisite: None

NP6419N Environmental Medicine/Toxicology/Detoxification Credits 1.0
This course examines the clinical manifestations of exposure to environmental toxins. Sources and the route of exposure of synthetic and naturally occurring toxins are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the clinical strategies that are useful to detect and alleviate overburdened detoxification pathways. The activation of the body’s greater defensive system, including inflammation and sensitization (both allergic and non-allergic) is examined in light of how patients might present in clinic and what historical and environmental factors are likely present in the history. Acquiring a high level of confidence in recommending protocols that support detoxification pathways through various naturopathic therapies is considered a key element in this course.
Prerequisite: NP6417N

NP6426N Pediatrics Credits 2.0
This course is an introduction to health topics pertaining to the pediatric population. Naturopathic physicians are responsible for providing consistent and thorough outpatient care to pediatric patients. An overview of developmental screening and health maintenance strategies for the pediatric patient is the focus of this course. Assessment and treatment of both presenting office complaints and strategies for long-term prevention and wellness are stressed.
Prerequisite: NP6314N

NP6428N Naturopathic Approaches to Special Populations Credits 1.0
Naturopathic physicians are responsible for providing consistent and thorough outpatient care to people of all ages and life situations. This course focuses on the practice strategies and issues encountered in treating prenatal and geriatric patients, issues arising from veteran’s health care, care of underserviced populations, global medicine issues, and LGBT specific health care issues. A review of screening and health maintenance strategies for the adult patient is included. Additional treatment information in the areas of dermatology, neurology, hematology, and EENT are included.
Prerequisite: EM6313N

NP6429N Internal Medicine II (Cardiovascular / Pulmonary / Renal / Hematopoietic) Credits 3.0
Internal medicine II focuses on diseases of the internal organs. The student will make a thorough review of the diagnostic approach to conditions of the heart, vascular system, pulmonary, renal, and hematopoietic system. Treatment approaches grounded in naturopathic principles and best evidence are discussed at an advanced level. A management approach that involves long-term care and the need for referrals and co-management by other practitioners is included in these reviews.
Prerequisite: NP6314N

NP6430N Advanced Topics in Women’s Health Credits 1.0
Taking the perspective that the whole person and the determinants of health need to be considered in the treatment of female health issues, students will review approaches to common issues (dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, infertility, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, amenorrhea, infertility, and menopause), a rational approach to these issues that includes counseling about common medical options, prevention, and naturopathic therapeutics.
Co-requisite: ND6410N

NP6431N Advanced Nutrition: Application of Dietary and Lifestyle Interventions Credits 2.0
This advanced course will prepare the student intern for the application of dietary and lifestyle interventions for a variety of chronic conditions. Students will utilize their foundational knowledge from clinical nutrition and internal medicine coursework. In this advanced course, students will review relevant evidence-based literature, analyze that literature, and translate the evidence into treatment plans according to the naturopathic therapeutic ladder of interventions. In-depth attention will be paid to chronic conditions and how specific therapeutic dietary recommendations will mitigate and prevent further progression of illness.
Prerequisite: N6322N

NP7113N Integrative Oncology Credits 1.0
This course will review the basic principles of working with a patient who has cancer in a primary care setting. The premise is that this is integrative care that the patient is being managed by cancer specialists. The role of the ND is to support and not counter-act or aggravate concomitant treatments.
Prerequisite: None

NP7118N Intravenous Therapeutics 1.0
This lecture-based course will introduce students to the fundamental principles and procedures of naturopathic intravenous therapeutics. This includes the common indications for this therapy as well as the appropriate procedures including safety considerations. Commonly used agents and their known pharmacodynamics are discussed as well as some ancillary parenteral procedures such as intramuscular injections.
Prerequisite: NN6322N

NP7119N Pharmacotherapeutics II Credits 0.5
This course provides a solid review of the expanded pharmaceutical list presented by the NPLEX examinations. The student will review the uses, actions, toxicity, and dosing of many drugs that are part of the broadest scope of practice in some jurisdictions. Students will review key prescribing information for the NPLEX Elective Pharmacology exam.
Prerequisite: NN6432N

NT5110N Foundations of Naturopathic Medicine I Credits 2.0
This course forms the basis of the clinical theory stream of courses in the ND program, which serves as a framework for practice. The course begins with an overview and the vision and ultimate goals of the ND program. The naturopathic principles are discussed at length. Major concepts such as health, holism, and vitalism are analyzed by the class. Ecology and environmental health as a basis for individual health and the broader implications of the Gaia theory are explored. Spirituality and its importance to life and healing and the need for the physicians to be whole themselves form the concluding portion of the course.
Prerequisite: None

NT5210N Foundations of Naturopathic Medicine II Credits 1.0
This course surveys the organizational structure and conceptual framework of the naturopathic medicine profession. This includes topics such as practice management plans, licensing of naturopathic medicine, and the scope of the NPLEX examinations. As a prelude to future clinical theory courses, and the development of therapeutic skills, the course includes discussion of clinical theory, such as the therapeutic order.
Prerequisite: None

NT5211N Basic Science Applications: Determinants of Health Credits 1.5
Addressing the determinants of health comprises the foundational step in naturopathic therapeutics. The knowledge of the human being and their internal and external environment that is gained by studying the basic sciences gives the practitioner insight into how to address the determinants of health. This course reviews the most common categories of the determinants and the basic science topics that relate to them such as: proper hydration and its relation to kidney function, perspiration, pituitary function, beneficial effects of adequate sunlight and the nature of vitamin D metabolism; and known risks of UV light, etc. The theme of the course is that basic science knowledge assists us in making a diagnosis, and in engineering the proper conditions for healing and prevention of disease.
Prerequisite: NT5110N

NT5414N Advanced Clinical Theory Credits 1.0
The therapeutic order is discussed in more detail. Students will by this time have a basic knowledge of the various naturopathic therapies. Their employment within different orders of intervention will be discussed as a part of a dynamic approach to patient care. A unified theory of healing is presented, with emphasis on the clinical indications of improvement or deterioration of a patient’s condition.
Prerequisite: Completion of Phase I
Corequisite: All courses of Phase I

NT6118N Applied Naturopathic Clinical Theory Credits 2.0
This is a participatory course. Students work in small groups, applying their knowledge of clinical theory to actual cases. Competency in analysis of the causes of disease, the obstacles to healing, and the sequence and timing of various interventions are expected of students. Weekly group reports and individually prepared comprehensive reports will be the basis of students’ grades. The amounts and dosing of prescribed substances are less emphasized in this course, whereas the understanding of the application of naturopathic principles and theory is paramount. The competencies reached in this course serve as the foundation for the study of internal medicine and care throughout the life cycle in Phase II. Term four, which is focused on a consistent and coherent approach.
Prerequisite: NT5414N

NX6318N Clinical Endocrinology Credits 2.0
This course builds on previously attained knowledge in diagnosis and laboratory medicine, focusing on disorders of the endocrine system. Students will learn how to approach commonly encountered endocrine conditions in naturopathic medicine, such as hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. All aspects of endocrine management are covered, from presentation and assessment of symptoms to diagnostic testing and treatment. The use of more experimental tests and therapies and the evidence behind them are approached in a critical sense. Both conventional and naturopathic therapies are reviewed. Students will practice creating treatment protocols following the naturopathic therapeutic order using clinical cases.
Prerequisites: EM6117N

PA5204N Fundamentals of Pathology Credits 3.0
This course provides an introduction to the basic changes in the morphology of the cells, tissues, and organs in diseased states. Extensive use of visual aids with the latest computer technology helps students to differentiate abnormal from normal, and to correlate the clinical aspects of the alterations. Included also is discussion on general characteristics, classification and differential diagnosis of cysts, benign and malignant tumors, and other neoplastic entities. All content will be discussed in lecture and group activity/discussion format.
Prerequisites: AN5107, PH5103

PA5302N Systems Pathology I Credits 4.0
Considered in this course are the pathologies peculiar to and characteristic of the various systems of the body. The systems examined are the nervous system, myopathy, neuropathy, bone and joint pathology, immunopathology, hematopathology, and dermatopathology. Each condition is studied from the standpoint of general characteristics, gross and microscopic appearance, and clinical course.
Prerequisite: PA5204
Co-requisites: AN5304, AN5305, AN5307

PA5402N Systems Pathology II Credits 6.0
Considered in this course are the pathologies peculiar to and characteristic of various systems of the body. The systems examined are respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive, and mammary, gastrointestinal (inclusive of liver, gall bladder and pancreas), urinary, and endocrine.
Prerequisite: PA5302 / Co-requisite: PH5405

PH5103N Cellular Physiology & Hematology Credits 4.0
In this course, students will review, in a problem-based setting, the basic science concepts related to the physiology of cellular membranes and organelles, along with the integrated functioning of the blood as a tissue. The physiology lab exercises will consist of problem sets and case studies, designed to integrate and apply material and concepts introduced through the accompanying lectures each week.
Co-requisite: AN5107

PH5208N Neurophysiology Credits 3.5
The purpose of this course is to study the neurophysiology of the nervous system. The complex signals created and utilized by the nervous system to control most bodily functions will be studied in depth to gain a better understanding of how the human nervous system functions. Areas of study will include synaptic transmission; autonomic control; sensory systems including the special senses of vision, hearing, touch, balance (vestibular function), taste and smell; signal integration in the CNS; control of the motor system (including skeletal muscle physiology); and higher cortical functions such as speech, sleep, and associational areas of the brain.
Prerequisite: PH5103
Co-requisites: AN5201, AN5202, AN5203

PH5306N Neuroendocrinology, GI & Reproductive Physiology Credits 4.0
This course will address neuroendocrine mechanisms that operate to maintain homeostatic control over various systems and states within the body. The primary focus will be upon the normal mechanisms and reflexes that operate to maintain a healthy state. Specific topics will include regulation of the reproductive, gastrointestinal, and thermoregulatory systems. Neuroendocrine feedback pathways that regulate metabolic and mineral homeostasis will also be discussed. Course instruction will be through lecture and group discussion of selected problems and cases.
Prerequisite: PH5208

PH5405N Cardiovascular, Respiratory & Renal Physiology Credits 5.0
This course will present the normal physiologic function of the respiratory system (breathing, ventilation, and gas exchange), circulatory system (blood pressure, cardiac output, pressure and flow homeostasis, and cardiac electrophysiology), and the kidney (conservation and excretion, and volume homeostasis). Content will be presented through lectures, laboratory, and supplemental problem exercises. Structure-function relationships and mechanisms of regulation will be emphasized. Laboratory-based measurements on human subjects will be used along with computer simulations to demonstrate and illustrate core concepts. Supplemental problem exercises will provide students the opportunity to demonstrate and test their understanding and capability to apply core concepts toward explanative assessment of how each of these systems function.
Prerequisites: AN5304, AN5305, PH5306

PH6113N Advanced Topics in Biomedical Science Credits 2.0
This course will provide a series of symposia that address some of the more advanced concepts in biomedical sciences that intersect with naturopathic practice. Building on the knowledge of human structure, function, biochemistry, and genomics from previous courses, the advanced topics
presented here provide a scientific basis for some of the natural therapies that help to retune the body’s bioregulatory systems.
Pre-requisite: Completion of Phase I

PH6114N Basic Science Clinical Correlates Credits 2.0
Applying basic science concepts to a clinical setting is a key requirement for any intern. Interns must use biomedical science knowledge as part of a thought process that can lead to the assessment of the patient and treatment. This course presents the student with many of the key concepts, structures, and processes from the biomedical science curriculum and relates them to clinical scenarios that a naturopathic physician is likely to encounter. The goal of this course for the student is for them to demonstrate the ability to relate diagnostic considerations, and treatment goals, to the basic science concepts in question. The NPLEX Part 1 Biomedical Science competencies are referenced in this course, as a guide to making these important correlations.
Pre-requisite: MI 5403, PA5402, PH5405

RA5416N Normal Radiographic Anatomy & Variants Credits 1.5
Physicians must have a thorough understanding of the normal radiographic anatomy of the skeletal system if they are to detect abnormal pathology in these regions. This course provides background information as a basis for courses in musculoskeletal imaging diagnosis, essentially designed to help students differentiate a normal structure from pathology. The study of normal variants and anomalies of the skeletal system and skeletal measurement procedures are presented to give students an overall understanding of variations of normal, which both mimic pathology and often present with unique clinical challenges.
Prerequisites: AN5101, AN5102

ST7107N Minor Surgery Credits 1.5
This course outlines the basic principles and procedures of minor surgery. Procedures involving cutaneous or subcutaneous surgery or procedures to obtain a diagnostic specimen, that can be done in-office, are the main focus of the course. Clean field, sterile instrumentation, and wound cleanliness are stressed throughout. Basic in- office medical procedures such as biopsy, wound debridement, treatment of benign skin lesions, and suturing are discussed. Laboratory components include practice of suturing technique and use of specialized equipment and instrumentation. Appropriate wound dressings and topical agents, such as antiseptics and anesthetics, are reviewed. Special topics include dermatologic medicine, procedures to address patient safety during minor surgery, and how to respond to adverse reactions.
Pre-Requisites / Co-Requisites: Completion of Phase II